For the KivaFriends who don't like podcasts, you can also watch the TED talks on their website. This one might be of particular interest:
http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/198A mathematician tells of his work in Africa. He flew over a village and saw an interesting organization of the town's homes - a closer look showed that the town was built in a pattern that we find in fractional geometry, a highly complex branch of geometry. He explains it very well and it's simply amazing.
The people in the village, of course, have no concept of fractional geometry, but they have deeply rooted cultural reasons for building that way and he explains them.
I find this absolutely amazing. There's more than "just" the village design and it continues to impress. There we have people essentially secluded from civilization with no concept of why what they do is amazing to outsiders. They build a pseudo-random number generator out of lines in the sand, the basis of which is what we use in our computers today!
Richard Dawkins also has a talk on TED where he talks about the Queerness of the world and how our brains are not wired to handle some concepts on the very small and very large scale. (we can't imagine that a rock is almost entirely empty space - to us, it's solid) He wonders if we grew up in an environment where this kind of thought was normal, how our brains may be wired differently.
I wonder if this is maybe exactly what's happening in villages like this. Children growing up with "games" that convey a much different way of thinking that we're used to. This opens up a lot of potential in research when individuals join in who approach things entirely different from us... but also the risk that they may adapt too much and their take on the world may get lost.
Dawkins' talk is here:
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/98